Joseph E. LeDoux, Ph.D.

CURRICULUM VITAE

 

PLACE AND DATE OF BIRTH

Eunice, LA, USA, December 7, 1949

 

CITIZENSHIP

United States

 

CONTACT

Center for Neural Science

New York University

4 Washington Place

New York, NY  10003

email: ledoux@cns.nyu.edu

telephone: +1 212.998.3937

website: Joseph-LeDoux.com

EDUCATION

Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
1967-1971 B.S. Business Administration/Psychology

Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
1972-1974, M.S. Marketing/Psychology

State University of NY, Stony Brook, NY
1974-1977, Ph.D. Psychobiology

 

 PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS

Cornell University Medical College Department of Neurology
1977 - 1979, NIH Postdoctoral Fellow

1979 - 1980, Instructor

1980 - 1986, Research Assistant Professor

1986 - 1989, Research Associate Professor

New York University, Center for Neural Science and Department of Psychology

1989-1991, Associate Professor

1991-1996, Professor

1996-present, Henry and Lucy Moses Professor of Science

2005-present, University Professor

2007-Present, Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

2013-Present, Professor of Psychiatry

 

Nathan Kline Institute

2007-2020, Director of Emotional Brain Institute

 

East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
2020, Behavioral Neuroscience Consultant Professor

  

PRESENT TITLES:

Professor of Neural Science, New York University

Professor of Psychology, New York University

Henry and Lucy Moses Professor of Science, New York University

University Professor, New York University

Professor of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine

Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine

Director, The Emotional Brain Institute, New York University

Deputy Director, Max Planck-NYU Center for Language, Music and Emotion

 

ELECTED MEMBERSHIPS:

Fellow, New York Academy of Sciences (2005)

Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2006)

National Academy of Sciences, USA (2013)

 

Awards/Prizes/Honors:

Merit Award, NIMH (1989)

Research Scientist Development Award (K02), NIMH (1994)

Margaret and Louis Sokol Faculty Award in the Sciences, NYU (1998)

Jean Louis Signoret Prize, Foundation IPSEN, Paris (1999)

Research Scientist Development Award (K02), NIMH (1999)

Merit Award, NIMH (1999)

Hoch Award, American Psychopathological Association (2001)

Research Scientist Award (K05), NIMH (2003)

Fyssen Foundation 2005 International Prize (2006)

University Professorship, NYU (2007)

D. O. Hebb Award, American Psychological Association (2008)

Santiago Grisolia Prize, Valencia Spain (2009)

Fellow of the Eastern Psychological Association (2010)

Distinguished Scientific Contributions to Psychology, American Psychological Association (2010)

Karl Spencer Lashley Award, American Philosophical Society (2011)

Gantt Medal, Pavlovian Society (2012)

William James Fellow of Association for Psychological Science (2015)

William James Book Award, American Psychological Association (2016)

Jean-Marie Delwart Prize (Brussels) (2016)

Honorary Member of the Neuroscience Institute, University of Torino (2019)

International Emeritus Professor for ECNU (honorary) (2020)

President-Elect in 2023, Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness (2022)

 

 

EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH GRANTS:

Currently Active Grants

2018-2024​Brain Mechanisms of Avoidance: Implications for Addiction and Anxiety, NIDA (J.E. LeDoux, PI)

2019-2024​Survival Circuit Influences on Human Nature, TWCF, Inc. (J. E. LeDoux, PD)

Previous Grants

1977-1979 ​Parietal Lobe Disorders (NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship)

1979-1982 ​Language Processing and Its Disorders (NINCDS, J.E. LeDoux, PI)

1984-1987 ​Sensory Control of Blood Pressure (American Heart Assoc., J.E. LeDoux, PI)

1985-2019 ​Neural Pathways Underlying Emotional Conditioning, NIMH (J.E. LeDoux, PI)

1986-1991 ​Neural Pathways Mediating Interactions between the Auton. Nerv. Sys. and Behavior, Project IIB in The Neurogenic Hypertension Program Project (NHLBI, D.J. Reis, Program Director)

1986-1991 ​Established Investigator Award (American Heart Association Career Development Grant)

1987-1990​ Sensory Control of Blood Pressure: Cellular Mechanisms (New York Heart Assoc., Anton Monell Award, J.E. LeDoux, PI)

1992-1995​ Neural Mechanisms of Contextual Fear, Conditioning, NSF (J.E. LeDoux, PI)

1993-2003​ Mechanisms of Emotional Memory, NIMH RSDA Award (J.E. LeDoux, PI)

2001-2004 ​Towards an Understanding of Reconsolidation, Human Scientific Frontiers (J.E. LeDoux, PI)

2001-2006 ​Does Reconsolidation Recapitulate Consolidation, Volkswagen Foundation (J.E. LeDoux, PI)

2002-2006 ​fMRI Localization of Psychotic Symptoms in Schizophrenia, NIMH (D. Silbersweig, PI)

2004-2007​ Extinction and Active Coping Fear: Translation from Animal Models to Human Function, NIMH (J.E. LeDoux, Co-PI)

2003-2008 ​Mechanisms of Emotional Memory, NIMH Research Scientist Award (J.E. LeDoux, PI)

2004-2008​ US-France Cooperative Research: The Anatomy of Fear-Networks in the Lateral Amygdala, NSF (J.E. LeDoux, PI)

1999-2010 ​Center for the Neural Systems of Fear and Anxiety, NIMH Conte Center (J.E. LeDoux, PI)

2007-2010​ Affect, Learning and Decision Making, McDonnell Grant (E. Phelps, PI)

2009-2013​ Fear Circuits in the Amygdala: Serial vs. Parallel Processing? NSF (J.E. LeDoux, PI)

2010-2017​ Brain Mechanisms of Avoidance: Implications for Addiction, NIDA (J.E. LeDoux, PI)

1991-2017​ Synaptic Transmission in Fear Conditioning Circuits, NIMH (J.E. LeDoux, PI)

2014-2017​ Neural Circuits Related to Misophonia (J.E. LeDoux, PI)

PUBLICATIONS

Google Scholar Metrics

h-index: 170 (as of January 29, 2024)

citations: 163,833 (as of January 29, 2024)

 Peer Reviewed Publications

 

1.​ Thompson R, Chetta M, LeDoux JE (1974) Brightness discrimination loss after lesion of the corpus striatum in the white rat. Bull Psychon Soc 3:293-295.

 

2. ​Thompson R, LeDoux JE (1974) Common brain regions essential for the expression of learned and instinctive visual habits in the albino rat. Bull Psychon Soc 4:78-80.

 

3.​ Thompson R, LeDoux JE (1975) A stereotaxic map of the brainstem areas critical for locomotor responses in a novel environment. Bull Psychon Soc 6:327-328.

 

4.​ Thompson R, LeDoux JE (1976) Stereotaxic mapping of brainstem areas critical for the expression of the rodent's preference for the dark. Bull Psychon Soc 8:472-474.

 

5. ​LeDoux JE, Risse GL, Springer SP, Wilson DH, Gazzaniga MS (1977) Cognition and commissurotomy. Brain 100 Pt 1:87-104.

 

6.​ LeDoux JE, Wilson DH, Gazzaniga MS (1977) Manipulo-spatial aspects of cerebral lateralization: clues to the origin of lateralization. Neuropsychologia 15:743-750.

 

7.​  MS, LeDoux JE, Wilson DH (1977) Language, praxis, and the right hemisphere: clues to some mechanisms of consciousness. Neurology 27:1144-1147.

 

8.​ LeDoux JE, Wilson DH, Gazzaniga MS (1977) A divided mind: observations on the conscious properties of the separated hemispheres. Ann Neurol 2:417-421.

 

9.​ Risse GL, LeDoux JE, Springer SP, Wilson DH, Gazzaniga MS (1978) The anterior commissure in man: functional variation in a multisensory system. Neuropsychologia 16:23-31.

 

10.​ LeDoux JE, Wilson DH, Gazzaniga MS (1978) Block design performance following callosal sectioning. Observations on functional recovery. Arch Neurol 35:506-508.

 

11.​ MS, Volpe BT, Smylie CS, Wilson DH, LeDoux JE (1979) Plasticity in speech organization following commissurotomy. Brain 102:805-815.

 

12 Volpe BT, LeDoux JE, Gazzaniga MS (1979) Spatially oriented movements in the absence of proprioception. Neurology 29:1309-1313.

 

13.​ Volpe BT, LeDoux JE, Gazzaniga MS (1979) Information processing of visual stimuli in an "extinguished" field. Nature 282:722-724.

 

14.​ LeDoux JE, Smylie CS, Ruff R, Gazzaniga MS (1980) Left hemisphere visual processes in a case of right hemisphere symptomatology. Implications for theories of cerebral lateralization. Arch Neurol 37:157-159.

 

15.​ LeDoux JE, Tucker LW, Del Bo A, Harshfield G, Green L, Talman WT, Reis DJ (1980) A hierarchical organization of blood pressure during natural behaviour in rat and the effects of central catecholamine neurons thereon. Clin Sci (Lond) 59 Suppl 6:271s-273s.

 

16.​ del Bo A, LeDoux JE, Tucker LW, Harshkfield GA, Reis DJ (1982) Arterial pressure and heart rate changes during natural sleep in rat. Physiol Behav 28:425-429.

 

17​ LeDoux JE (1982) Neuroevolutionary mechanisms of cerebral asymmetry in man. Brain Behav Evol 20:196212.

 

18.​ LeDoux JE, Del Bo A, Tucker LW, Harshfield G, Talman WT, Reis DJ (1982) Hierarchic organization of blood pressure responses during the expression of natural behaviors in rat: mediation by sympathetic nerves. Exp Neurol 78:121-133.

 

19.​ LeDoux JE, Sakaguchi A, Reis DJ (1982) Behaviorally selective cardiovascular hyperreactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Evidence for hypoemotionality and enhanced appetitive motivation. Hypertension 4:853-863.

 

20.​ LeDoux JE, Sakaguchi A, Reis DJ (1983) Alpha-methylDOPA dissociates hypertension, cardiovascular reactivity and emotional behavior in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brain Res 259:69-76.

 

21.​ Sakaguchi A, LeDoux JE, Reis DJ (1983) Sympathetic nerves and adrenal medulla: contributions to cardiovascular-conditioned emotional responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 5:728-738.

 

22.​ LeDoux JE, Sakaguchi A, Reis DJ (1983) Strain differences in fear between spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. Brain Res 277:137-143.

 

23.​ Thompson ME, LeDoux JE, Iadecola C, Tucker LW, Reis DJ (1983) Select increases in local cerebral blood flow during environmental stimulation in conscious rat. J Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 3:S256-S257.

 

24.​ LeDoux JE, Thompson ME, Iadecola C, Tucker LW, Reis DJ (1983) Local cerebral blood flow increases during auditory and emotional processing in the conscious rat. Science 221:576-578.

 

25.​ LeDoux JE, Blum C, Hirst W (1983) Inferential processing of context: studies of cognitively impaired subjects. Brain Lang 19:216-224.

 

26.​ Sakaguchi A, LeDoux JE, Sved AF, Reis DJ (1984) Strain difference in fear between spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats is mediated by adrenal cortical hormones. Neurosci Lett 46:59-64.

 

27.​ LeDoux JE, Sakaguchi A, Reis DJ (1984) Subcortical efferent projections of the medial geniculate nucleus mediate emotional responses conditioned to acoustic stimuli. J Neurosci 4:683-698.

 

28.​ Hirst W, LeDoux J, Stein S (1984) Constraints on the processing of indirect speech acts: evidence from aphasiology. Brain Lang 23:26-33.

 

29.​ LeDoux JE, Ruggiero DA, Reis DJ (1985) Projections to the subcortical forebrain from anatomically defined regions of the medial geniculate body in the rat. J Comp Neurol 242:182-213.

 

30.​ LeDoux JE, Sakaguchi A, Iwata J, Reis DJ (1986) Interruption of projections from the medial geniculate body to an archi-neostriatal field disrupts the classical conditioning of emotional responses to acoustic stimuli. Neuroscience 17:615-627.

 

31.​ Iwata J, LeDoux JE, Reis DJ (1986) Destruction of intrinsic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus disrupts the classical conditioning of autonomic but not behavioral emotional responses in the rat. Brain Res 368:161-166.

 

32.​ Iwata J, LeDoux JE, Meeley MP, Arneric S, Reis DJ (1986) Intrinsic neurons in the amygdaloid field projected to by the medial geniculate body mediate emotional responses conditioned to acoustic stimuli. Brain Res 383:195-214.

 

33.​ LeDoux JE, Iwata J, Pearl D, Reis DJ (1986) Disruption of auditory but not visual learning by destruction of intrinsic neurons in the rat medial geniculate body. Brain Res 371:395-399.

 

34.​ Iwata J, Chida K, LeDoux JE (1987) Cardiovascular responses elicited by stimulation of neurons in the central amygdaloid nucleus in awake but not anesthetized rats resemble conditioned emotional responses. Brain Res 418:183-188.

 

35. ​LeDoux JE, Ruggiero DA, Forest R, Stornetta R, Reis DJ (1987) Topographic organization of convergent projections to the thalamus from the inferior colliculus and spinal cord in the rat. J Comp Neurol 264:123-146.

36.​ Iwata J, LeDoux JE (1988) Dissociation of associative and nonassociative concomitants of classical fear conditioning in the freely behaving rat. Behav Neurosci 102:66-76.

 

37. ​LeDoux JE, Iwata J, Cicchetti P, Reis DJ (1988) Different projections of the central amygdaloid nucleus mediate autonomic and behavioral correlates of conditioned fear. J Neurosci 8:2517-2529.

 38.​ LeDoux JE, Xagoraris A, Romanski L (1989) Indelibility of subcortical emotional memories. J Cognitive Neurosci 1:238-243.

 39. ​LeDoux JE, Farb C, Ruggiero DA (1990) Topographic organization of neurons in the acoustic thalamus that project to the amygdala. J Neurosci 10:1043-1054.

40.​ Clugnet MC, LeDoux JE, Morrison SF (1990) Unit responses evoked in the amygdala and striatum by electrical stimulation of the medial geniculate body. J Neurosci 10:1055-1061

41. ​LeDoux JE, Cicchetti P, Xagoraris A, Romanski LM (1990) The lateral amygdaloid nucleus: sensory interface of the amygdala in fear conditioning. J Neurosci 10:1062-1069.

 42.​ Clugnet MC, LeDoux JE (1990) Synaptic plasticity in fear conditioning circuits: induction of LTP in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by stimulation of the medial geniculate body. J Neurosci 10:2818-2824.

43.​ LeDoux JE, Farb CR, Milner TA (1991) Ultrastructure and synaptic associations of auditory thalamo-amygdala projections in the rat. Exp Brain Res 85:577-586.

44.​ LeDoux JE, Farb CR (1991) Neurons of the acoustic thalamus that project to the amygdala contain glutamate. Neurosci Lett 134:145-149.

45.​ LeDoux JE, Farb CR, Romanski LM (1991) Overlapping projections to the amygdala and striatum from auditory processing areas of the thalamus and cortex. Neurosci Lett 134:139-144.

 

46.​ Phillips RG, LeDoux JE (1992) Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning. Behav Neurosci 106:274-285.

 

47.​ Bordi F, LeDoux JE (1992) Sensory tuning beyond the sensory system: an initial analysis of auditory response properties of neurons in the lateral amygdaloid nucleus and overlying areas of the striatum. J Neurosci 12:2493-2503.

 

48.​ Romanski LM, LeDoux JE (1992) Bilateral destruction of neocortical and perirhinal projection targets of the acoustic thalamus does not disrupt auditory fear conditioning. Neurosci Lett 142:228-232.

 

49.​ Romanski LM, LeDoux JE (1992) Equipotentiality of thalamo-amygdala and thalamo-cortico-amygdala circuits in auditory fear conditioning. J Neurosci 12:4501-4509.

 

50.​ Farb C, Aoki C, Milner T, Kaneko T, LeDoux JE (1992) Glutamate immunoreactive terminals in the lateral amygdaloid nucleus: a possible substrate for emotional memory. Brain Res 593:145-158.

 

51.​ Stefanacci L, Farb CR, Pitkanen A, Go G, LeDoux JE, Amaral DG (1992) Projections from the lateral nucleus to the basal nucleus of the amygdala: a light and electron microscopic PHA-L study in the rat. J Comp Neurol 323:586-601.

 

52. ​Bordi F, LeDoux JE, Clugnet MC, Pavlides C (1993) Single-unit activity in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala and overlying areas of the striatum in freely behaving rats: rates, discharge patterns, and responses to acoustic stimuli. Behav Neurosci 107:757-769.

 

53. ​Romanski LM, Clugnet MC, Bordi F, LeDoux JE (1993) Somatosensory and auditory convergence in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. Behav Neurosci 107:444-450.

 

54.​ Romanski LM, LeDoux JE (1993) Organization of rodent auditory cortex: anterograde transport of PHA-L from MGv to temporal neocortex. Cereb Cortex 3:499-514.

 

55.​ Romanski LM, LeDoux JE (1993) Information cascade from primary auditory cortex to the amygdala: corticocortical and corticoamygdaloid projections of temporal cortex in the rat. Cereb Cortex 3:515-532.

 

56. ​Morgan MA, Romanski LM, LeDoux JE (1993) Extinction of emotional learning: contribution of medial prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Lett 163:109-113.

 

57.​ Bordi F, LeDoux JE (1994) Response properties of single units in areas of rat auditory thalamus that project to the amygdala. I. Acoustic discharge patterns and frequency receptive fields. Exp Brain Res 98:261-274.

58.​ Bordi F, LeDoux JE (1994) Response properties of single units in areas of rat auditory thalamus that project to the amygdala. II. Cells receiving convergent auditory and somatosensory inputs and cells antidromically activated by amygdala stimulation. Exp Brain Res 98:275-2

59. ​Phillips RG, LeDoux JE (1994) Lesions of the dorsal hippocampal formation interfere with background but not foreground contextual fear conditioning. Learn Mem 1:34-44.

 60.​ Corodimas KP, LeDoux JE, Gold PW, Schulkin J (1994) Corticosterone potentiation of conditioned fear in rats. Ann N Y Acad Sci 746:392-393.

 61.​ Sparks PD, LeDoux JE (1995) Septal lesions potentiate freezing behavior to contextual but not to phasic conditioned stimuli in rats. Behav Neurosci 109:184-188.

 62.​ Morgan MA, LeDoux JE (1995) Differential contribution of dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex to the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear in rats. Behav Neurosci 109:681-688.

 

63.​ Phillips RG, LeDoux JE (1995) Lesions of the fornix but not the entorhinal or perirhinal cortex interfere with contextual fear conditioning. J Neurosci 15:5308-5315

64.​ Corodimas KP, LeDoux JE (1995) Disruptive effects of posttraining perirhinal cortex lesions on conditioned fear: contributions of contextual cues. Behav Neurosci 109:613-619.

 

65.​ Li XF, Phillips R, LeDoux JE (1995) NMDA and non-NMDA receptors contribute to synaptic transmission between the medial geniculate body and the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. Exp Brain Res 105:87-100.

 

66.​ Farb CR, Aoki C, LeDoux JE (1995) Differential localization of NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits in the lateral and basal nuclei of the amygdala: a light and electron microscopic study. J Comp Neurol 362:86-108.

 

67.​ Pitkanen A, Stefanacci L, Farb CR, Go GG, LeDoux JE, Amaral DG (1995) Intrinsic connections of the rat amygdaloid complex: projections originating in the lateral nucleus. J Comp Neurol 356:288-310.

 

68.​ Savander V, Go CG, LeDoux JE, Pitkanen A (1995) Intrinsic connections of the rat amygdaloid complex: projections originating in the basal nucleus. J Comp Neurol 361:345-368.

 

69.​ LaBar KS, LeDoux JE, Spencer DD, Phelps EA (1995) Impaired fear conditioning following unilateral temporal lobectomy in humans. J Neurosci 15:6846-6855.

 

70.​Armony JL, Servan-Schreiber D, Cohen JD, LeDoux JE (1995) An anatomically constrained neural network model of fear conditioning. Behav Neurosci 109:246-257.

 

71.​Hugdahl K, Berardi A, Thompson WL, Kosslyn SM, Macy R, Baker DP, Alpert NM, LeDoux JE (1995) Brain mechanisms in human classical conditioning: a PET blood flow study. Neuroreport 6:1723-1728.

 

72.​Rogan MT, LeDoux JE (1995) LTP is accompanied by commensurate enhancement of auditory-evoked responses in a fear conditioning circuit. Neuron 15:127-136.

 

73.​Quirk GJ, Repa C, LeDoux JE (1995) Fear conditioning enhances short-latency auditory responses of lateral amygdala neurons: parallel recordings in the freely behaving rat. Neuron 15:1029-1039.

 

74.​LaBar KS, LeDoux JE (1996) Partial disruption of fear conditioning in rats with unilateral amygdala damage: correspondence with unilateral temporal lobectomy in humans. Behav Neurosci 110:991-997.

 

75.​Melia KR, Ryabinin AE, Corodimas KP, Wilson MC, LeDoux JE (1996) Hippocampal-dependent learning and experience-dependent activation of the hippocampus are preferentially disrupted by ethanol. Neuroscience 74:313-322.

 

76.​Savander V, Go CG, LeDoux JE, Pitkanen A (1996) Intrinsic connections of the rat amygdaloid complex: projections originating in the accessory basal nucleus. J Comp Neurol 374:291-313.

 

77.​Savander V, LeDoux JE, Pitkanen A (1996) Topographic projections from the periamygdaloid cortex to select subregions of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala in the rat. Neurosci Lett 211:167-170.

 

78.​Rogan M, LeDoux JE (1996) Emotion: Systems, cells, synaptic plasticity. Cell 85:469-475.

 

79.​Li XF, Armony JL, LeDoux JE (1996) GABAA and GABAB receptors differentially regulate synaptic transmission in the auditory thalamo-amygdala pathway: an in vivo microiontophoretic study and a model. Synapse 24:115-124.

 

80.​Savander V, LeDoux JE, Pitkanen A (1997) Interamygdaloid projections of the basal and accessory basal nuclei of the rat amygdaloid complex. Neuroscience 76:725-735.

 

81.​Savander V, Miettinen R, LeDoux JE, Pitkanen A (1997) Lateral nucleus of the rat amygdala is reciprocally connected with basal and accessory basal nuclei: a light and electron microscopic study. Neuroscience 77:767-781.

 

82.​Li XF, Stutzmann GE, LeDoux JE (1996) Convergent but temporally separated inputs to lateral amygdala neurons from the auditory thalamus and auditory cortex use different postsynaptic receptors: in vivo intracellular and extracellular recordings in fear conditioning pathways. Learn Mem 3:229-242.

 

83.​Armony JL, Servan-Schreiber D, Romanski LM, Cohen JD, LeDoux JE (1997) Stimulus generalization of fear responses: effects of auditory cortex lesions in a computational model and in rats. Cereb Cortex 7:157-165.

 

84.​Muller J, Corodimas KP, Fridel Z, LeDoux JE (1997) Functional inactivation of the lateral and basal nuclei of the amygdala by muscimol infusion prevents fear conditioning to an explicit conditioned stimulus and to contextual stimuli. Behav Neurosci 111:683-691.

 

85.​Farb CR, LeDoux JE (1997) NMDA and AMPA receptors in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala are postsynaptic to auditory thalamic afferents. Synapse 27:106-121.

 

86.​Quirk GJ, Armony JL, LeDoux JE (1997) Fear conditioning enhances different temporal components of tone-evoked spike trains in auditory cortex and lateral amygdala. Neuron 19:613-624.

 

87.​Nader K, LeDoux JE (1997) Is it time to invoke multiple fear learning systems in the amygdala? Trends Cogn Sci 1:241-244.

 

88.​Rogan MT, Staubli UV, LeDoux JE (1997) AMPA receptor facilitation accelerates fear learning without altering the level of conditioned fear acquired. J Neurosci 17:5928-5935.

 

89.​Rogan MT, Staubli UV, LeDoux JE (1997) Fear conditioning induces associative long-term potentiation in the amygdala. Nature 390:604-607.

 

90.​Armony JL, Quirk GJ, LeDoux JE (1998) Differential effects of amygdala lesions on early and late plastic components of auditory cortex spike trains during fear conditioning. J Neurosci 18:2592-2601.

 

91.​LaBar KS, Gatenby JC, Gore JC, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA (1998) Human amygdala activation during conditioned fear acquisition and extinction: a mixed-trial fMRI study. Neuron 20:937-945.

 

92.​Stutzmann GE, McEwen BS, LeDoux JE (1998) Serotonin modulation of sensory inputs to the lateral amygdala: dependency on corticosterone. J Neurosci 18:9529-9538.

 

93.​Farb CR, LeDoux JE (1999) Afferents from rat temporal cortex synapse on lateral amygdala neurons that express NMDA and AMPA receptors. Synapse 33:218-229.

 

94.​Nader K, LeDoux JE (1999) The dopaminergic modulation of fear: quinpirole impairs the recall of emotional memories in rats. Behav Neurosci 113:152-165.

 

95.​Weisskopf MG, LeDoux JE (1999) Distinct populations of NMDA receptors at subcortical and cortical inputs to principal cells of the lateral amygdala. J Neurophysiol 81:930-934.

 

96.​Stutzmann GE, LeDoux JE (1999) GABAergic antagonists block the inhibitory effects of serotonin in the lateral amygdala: a mechanism for modulation of sensory inputs related to fear conditioning. J Neurosci 19:RC8.

 

97.​Schafe GE, Nadel NV, Sullivan GM, Harris A, LeDoux JE (1999) Memory consolidation for contextual and auditory fear conditioning is dependent on protein synthesis, PKA, and MAP kinase. Learn Mem 6:97-110.

 

98.​Conrad CD, LeDoux JE, Magarinos AM, McEwen BS (1999) Repeated restraint stress facilitates fear conditioning independently of causing hippocampal CA3 dendritic atrophy. Behav Neurosci 113:902-913.

 

99.​Weisskopf MG, Bauer EP, LeDoux JE (1999) L-type voltage-gated calcium channels mediate NMDA-independent associative long-term potentiation at thalamic input synapses to the amygdala. J Neurosci 19:10512-10519.

 

100.​Amorapanth P, Nader K, LeDoux JE (1999) Lesions of periaqueductal gray dissociate-conditioned freezing from conditioned suppression behavior in rats. Learn Mem 6:491-499.

 

101.​Morgan MA, LeDoux JE (1999) Contribution of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex to the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear in rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 72:244-251.

 

102.​Doron NN, LeDoux JE (1999) Organization of projections to the lateral amygdala from auditory and visual areas of the thalamus in the rat. J Comp Neurol 412:383-409.

 

103.​Wilensky AE, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (1999) Functional inactivation of the amygdala before but not after auditory fear conditioning prevents memory formation. J Neurosci 19:RC48.

 

104.​Nader K, LeDoux JE (1999) Inhibition of the mesoamygdala dopaminergic pathway impairs the retrieval of conditioned fear associations. Behav Neurosci 113:891-901.

 

105.​Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2000) Memory consolidation of auditory pavlovian fear conditioning requires protein synthesis and protein kinase A in the amygdala. J Neurosci 20:RC96.

 

106.​Amorapanth P, LeDoux JE, Nader K (2000) Different lateral amygdala outputs mediate reactions and actions elicited by a fear-arousing stimulus. Nat Neurosci 3:74-79.

 

107.​Nader K, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2000) Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval. Nature 406:722-726.

 

108.​Doron NN, LeDoux JE (2000) Cells in the posterior thalamus project to both amygdala and temporal cortex: a quantitative retrograde double-labeling study in the rat. J Comp Neurol 425:257-274.

 

109​Nader K, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2000) The labile nature of consolidation theory. Nat Neurosci Rev 1: 216-219.

 

110.​Schafe GE, Fitts DA, Thiele TE, LeDoux JE, Bernstein IL (2000) The induction of c-Fos in the NTS after taste aversion learning is not correlated with measures of conditioned fear. Behav Neurosci 114:99-106.

 

111.​Wilensky AE, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2000) The amygdala modulates memory consolidation of fear-motivated inhibitory avoidance learning but not classical fear conditioning. J Neurosci 20:7059-7066.

 

112.​Woodson W, Farb CR, LeDoux JE (2000) Afferents from the auditory thalamus synapse on inhibitory interneurons in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. Synapse 38:124-137.

 

113.​Schafe GE, Atkins CM, Swank MW, Bauer EP, Sweatt JD, LeDoux JE (2000) Activation of ERK/MAP kinase in the amygdala is required for memory consolidation of pavlovian fear conditioning. J Neurosci 20:8177-8187.

 

114.​Nader K, Majidishad P, Amorapanth P, LeDoux JE (2001) Damage to the lateral and central, but not other, amygdaloid nuclei prevents the acquisition of auditory fear conditioning. Learn Mem 8:156-163.

 

115.​Bauer EP, LeDoux JE, Nader K (2001) Fear conditioning and LTP in the lateral amygdala are sensitive to the same stimulus contingencies. Nat Neurosci 4:687-688.

 

116.​Repa JC, Muller J, Apergis J, Desrochers TM, Zhou Y, LeDoux JE (2001) Two different lateral amygdala cell populations contribute to the initiation and storage of memory. Nat Neurosci 4:724-731.

 

117.​Yaniv D, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE, Richter-Levin G (2001) A gradient of plasticity in the amygdala revealed by cortical and subcortical stimulation, in vivo. Neuroscience 106:613-620.

 

118.​Rodrigues SM, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2001) Intra-amygdala blockade of the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor disrupts the acquisition but not the expression of fear conditioning. J Neurosci 21:6889-6896.

 

119.​Peper M, Karcher S, Wohlfarth R, Reinshagen G, LeDoux JE (2001) Aversive learning in patients with unilateral lesions of the amygdala and hippocampus. Biol Psychol 58:1-23.

 

120.​Rodrigues SM, Bauer EP, Farb CR, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2002) The group I metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 is required for fear memory formation and long-term potentiation in the lateral amygdala. J Neurosci 22:5219-5229.

 

121.​Bauer EP, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2002) NMDA receptors and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels contribute to long-term potentiation and different components of fear memory formation in the lateral amygdala. J Neurosci 22:5239-5249.

 

122.​Moita MA, Lamprecht R, Nader K, LeDoux JE (2002) A-kinase anchoring proteins in amygdala are involved in auditory fear memory. Nat Neurosci 5:837-838.

 123.​Debiec J, LeDoux JE, Nader K (2002) Cellular and systems reconsolidation in the hippocampus. Neuron 36:527-538.

 

124.​Doron NN, LeDoux JE, Semple MN (2002) Redefining the tonotopic core of rat auditory cortex: physiological evidence for a posterior field. J Comp Neurol 453:345-360.

 

125.​Lamprecht R, Farb CR, LeDoux JE (2002) Fear memory formation involves p190 RhoGAP and ROCK proteins through a GRB2-mediated complex. Neuron 36:727-738.

 

126.​Moita MA, Rosis S, Zhou Y, LeDoux JE, Blair HT (2003) Hippocampal place cells acquire location-specific responses to the conditioned stimulus during auditory fear conditioning. Neuron 37:485-497.

 

127.​Blair HT, Tinkelman A, Moita MA, LeDoux JE (2003) Associative plasticity in neurons of the lateral amygdala during auditory fear conditioning. Ann N Y Acad Sci 985:485-487.

 

128.​Sullivan GM, Apergis J, Gorman JM, LeDoux JE (2003) Rodent doxapram model of panic: behavioral effects and c-Fos immunoreactivity in the amygdala. Biol Psychiatry 53:863-870.

 

129.​Doyere V, Schafe GE, Sigurdsson T, LeDoux JE (2003) Long-term potentiation in freely moving rats reveals asymmetries in thalamic and cortical inputs to the lateral amygdala. Eur J Neurosci 17:2703-2715.

 

130.​Morgan MA, Schulkin J, LeDoux JE (2003) Ventral medial prefrontal cortex and emotional preservation: the memory for prior extinction training. Behav Brain Res 146:121-130.

 

131.​Rodrigues SM, Farb CR, Bauer EP, LeDoux JE, Schafe GE (2004) Pavlovian fear conditioning regulates Thr286 autophosphorylation of Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II at lateral amygdala synapses. J Neurosci 24:3281-3288.

 

132.​Lanuza E, Nader K, LeDoux JE (2004) Unconditioned stimulus pathways to the amygdala: effects of posterior thalamic and cortical lesions on fear conditioning. Neurosci 124:305-315.

 

133.​Burghardt NS, Sullivan GM, McEwen BS, Gorman JM, LeDoux JE (2004) The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram increases fear after acute treatment but reduces fear with chronic treatment: a comparison with tianeptine. Biol Psychiatry 55:1171-1178.

 

134.​Moita MA, Rosis S, Zhou Y, LeDoux JE, Blair HT (2004) Putting fear in its place: remapping of hippocampal place cells during fear conditioning. J Neurosci 24:7015-7023.

 

135​Lamprecht R, LeDoux J (2004) Structural plasticity and memory. Nat Rev Neurosci 5:45-54.

 

136.​Sullivan GM, Apergis J, Bush DEA, Johnson LR, Mou H, LeDoux JE (2004) Lesions in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis disrupt corticosterone and freezing responses elicited by a contextual but not a specific cue-conditioned fear stimulus. Neuroscience 128:7-14.

 

137.​Phelps EA, Delgado MR, Nearing KI, LeDoux JE (2004) Extinction Learning in Humans; Role of the Amygdala and vmPFC. Neuron 43:897-905.

 

138.​Bauer EP, LeDoux JE (2004) Heterosynaptic long-term potentiation of inhibitory interneurons in the lateral amygdala. J Neurosci 24:9507-9512.

 

139.​Debiec J, LeDoux JE (2004) Disruption of reconsolidation but not consolidation of auditory fear conditioning by noradrenergic blockade in the amygdala. Neuroscience 129:267-272.

 

140.​Pham K, McEwen BS, LeDoux JE, Nader K (2005) Fear learning transiently impairs hippocampal cell proliferation. Neuroscience 130:17-24.

 

141.​Duvarci S, Nader K, LeDoux JE (2005) Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase- mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in the amygdala is required for memory reconsolidation of auditory fear conditioning. Eur J Neurosci 21:283-289.

 

142.​Protopopescu X, Pan H, Tuescher O, Cloitre M, Goldstein M, Engelien W, Epstein J, Yang Y, Gorman J, LeDoux J, Silbersweig D, Stern E (2005) Differential time courses and specificity of amygdala activity in posttraumatic stress disorder subjects and normal control subjects. Biol Psychiatry 57:464-473.

 

143.​Rumpel S, LeDoux J, Zador A, Malinow R (2005) Postsynaptic receptor trafficking underlying a form of associative learning. Science 308:83-88.

 

144.​Blair HT, Sotres-Bayon F, Moita MA, LeDoux JE (2005) The lateral amygdala processes the value of conditioned and unconditioned aversive stimuli. Neuroscience 133:561-569.

 

145.​Apergis-Schoute AM, Debiec J, Doyere V, LeDoux JE, Schafe GE (2005) Auditory fear conditioning and long-term potentiation in the lateral amygdala require ERK/MAP kinase signaling in the auditory thalamus: a role for presynaptic plasticity in the fear system. J Neurosci 25:5730-5739.

 

146.​Schafe GE, Bauer EP, Rosis S, Farb CR, Rodrigues SM, LeDoux JE (2005) Memory consolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning requires nitric oxide signaling in the lateral amygdala. Eur J Neurosci 22:201-211.

 

147.​Butler T, Pan H, Epstein J, Protopopescu X, Tuescher O, Goldstein M, Cloitre M, Yang Y, Phelps E, Gorman J, LeDoux J, Stern E, Silbersweig D (2005) Fear-related activity in subgenual anterior cingulate differs between men and women. Neuroreport 16:1233-1236.

 

148.​Johnson LR, Farb C, Morrison JH, McEwen BS, LeDoux JE (2005) Localization of glucocorticoid receptors at postsynaptic membranes in the lateral amygdala. Neuroscience 136:289-299.

 

149.​Schafe GE, Doyere V, LeDoux JE (2005) Tracking the fear engram: the lateral amygdala is an essential locus of fear memory storage. J Neurosci 25:10010-10014.

 

150.​Debiec J, Doyere V, Nader K, LeDoux JE (2006) Directly reactivated, but not indirectly reactivated, memories undergo reconsolidation in the amygdala. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 103: 3428-3433. PMC1413871

 

151.​Lamprecht R, Farb CR, Rodrigues SM, LeDoux JE (2006) Fear conditioning drives profilin into amygdala dendritic spines. Nat Neurosci 9:481-483.

 

152.​Lamprecht R, Margulies DS, Farb CR, Hou M, Johnson LR, LeDoux JE (2006) Myosin light chain kinase regulates synaptic plasticity and fear learning in the lateral amygdala. Neuroscience 139:821-829.

 

153.​Protopopescu X, Pan H, Tuescher O, Cloitre M, Goldstein M, Engelien A, Yang Y, Gorman J, LeDoux J, Stern E, Silbersweig D (2006) Increased brainstem volume in panic disorder: a voxel-based morphometric study. Neuroreport 17:361-363.

 

154.​Radley JJ, Johnson LR, Janssen WG, Martino J, Lamprecht R, Hof PR, LeDoux JE, Morrison JH (2006) Associative Pavlovian conditioning leads to an increase in spinophilin-immunoreactive dendritic spines in the lateral amygdala. Eur J Neurosci 24:876-884.

 

155.​Debiec J, LeDoux JE (2006) Noradrenergic signaling in the amygdala contributes to the reconsolidation of fear memory: treatment implications for PTSD. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1071:521-524.

 

156.​Wilensky AE, Schafe GE, Kristensen MP, LeDoux JE (2006) Rethinking the fear circuit: the central nucleus of the amygdala is required for the acquisition, consolidation, and expression of pavlovian fear conditioning. J Neurosci 26:12387-12396.

 

157.​Kopec CD, Kessels HW, Bush DE, Cain CK, LeDoux JE, Malinow R (2007) A robust automated method to analyze rodent motion during fear conditioning. Neuropharmacology 52:228-233.

 

158.​Yehuda R, LeDoux J (2007) Response variation following trauma: a translational neuroscience approach to understanding PTSD. Neuron 56:19-32.

 

159.​Radley JJ, Farb CR, He Y, Janssen WG, Rodrigues SM, Johnson LR, Hof PR, LeDoux JE, Morrison JH (2007) Distribution of NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits at thalamo-amygdaloid dendritic spines. Brain Res 1134:87-94. PMC2359729

 

160.​Sotres-Bayon F, Bush DE, LeDoux JE (2007) Acquisition of Fear Extinction Requires Activation of NR2B-Containing NMDA Receptors in the Lateral Amygdala. Neuropsychopharmacology 32:1929-40.

 

161.​Doyere V, Debiec J, Monfils MH, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2007) Synapse-specific reconsolidation of distinct fear memories in the lateral amygdala. Nat Neurosci 10:414-416.

 

162.​Burghardt NS, Bush DE, McEwen BS, LeDoux JE (2007) Acute Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Increase Conditioned Fear Expression: Blockade With a 5-HT(2C) Receptor Antagonist. Biol Psychiatry 62:1111-1118. PMC2129095

 

163.​Bush DE, Sotres-Bayon F, LeDoux JE (2007) Individual differences in fear: Isolating fear reactivity and fear recovery phenotypes. J Trauma Stress 20:413-422.

 

164.​Cain CK, LeDoux JE (2007) Escape from fear: a detailed behavioral analysis of two atypical responses reinforced by CS termination. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process 33:451-463.

 

165.​Hu H, Real E, Takamiya K, Kang MG, LeDoux J, Huganir RL, Malinow R (2007) Emotion enhances learning via norepinephrine regulation of AMPA-receptor trafficking. Cell 131:160-173.

 

166.​Butler T, Pan H, Tuescher O, Engelien A, Goldstein M, Epstein J, Weisholtz D, Root JC, Protopopescu X, Cunningham-Bussel AC, Chang L, Xie XH, Chen Q, Phelps EA, LeDoux JE, Stern E, Silbersweig DA (2007) Human fear-related motor neurocircuitry. Neuroscience 150:1-7.

 

167.​Schiller D, Cain CK, Curley NG, Schwartz JS, Stern SA, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA (2008) Evidence for recovery of fear following immediate extinction in rats and humans. Learn Mem 15:394-402. PMC2414250

 

168.​Delgado MR, Nearing KI, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA (2008) Neural circuitry underlying the regulation of conditioned fear and its relation to extinction. Neuron 59:829-838. PMC3061554

 

169.​Lanuza E, Moncho-Bogani J, LeDoux JE (2008) Unconditioned stimulus pathways to the amygdala: Effects of lesions of the posterior intralaminar thalamus on foot-shock-induced c-Fos expression in the subdivisions of the lateral amygdala. Neuroscience 155:959-968. PMC2587439

 

170.​Schiller D, Levy I, Niv Y, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA (2008) From fear to safety and back: reversal of fear in the human brain. J Neurosci 28:11517-11525.PMC3844784

 

171.​Duvarci S, Nader K, LeDoux JE (2008) De novo mRNA synthesis is required for both consolidation and reconsolidation of fear memories in the amygdala. Learn Mem 15:747-755. PMC2562337

 

172.​Johnson LR, Hou M, Ponce-Alvarez A, Gribelyuk L, Alphs H, Albert LJ, Brown BL, LeDoux JE, Doyere V (2008) A recurrent network in the lateral amygdala: a mechanism for coincidence detection. Front Neural Circuits  2:1-19. PMC 2605401

 

173.​Sotres-Bayon F, Diaz-Mataix L, Bush DE, LeDoux JE (2009) Dissociable roles for the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala in fear extinction: NR2B contribution. Cereb Cortex 19:474-482. PMC2626130

 

174.​Root JC, Tuescher O, Cunningham-Bussel A, Pan H, Epstein J, Altemus M, Cloitre M, Goldstein M, Silverman M, Furman D, LeDoux J, McEwen B, Stern E, Silbersweig D (2009) Frontolimbic function and cortisol reactivity in response to emotional stimuli. Neuroreport 20:429-434.

 

175.​Rodrigues SM, LeDoux JE, Sapolsky RM (2009) The influence of stress hormones on fear circuitry. Annu Rev Neurosci 32:289-313.

 

176.​Cunningham-Bussel AC, Root JC, Butler T, Tuescher O, Pan H, Epstein J, Weisholtz DS, Pavony M, Silverman ME, Goldstein MS, Altemus M, Cloitre M, LeDoux J, McEwen B, Stern E, Silbersweig D (2009) Diurnal cortisol amplitude and fronto-limbic activity in response to stressful stimuli. Psychoneuroendocrinology 34:694-704. PMC4250041

 

177.​Monfils MH, Cowansage KK, Klann E, LeDoux JE (2009) Extinction-Reconsolidation Boundaries: Key to Persistent Attenuation of Fear Memories. Science 324:951-955. PMC3625935

 

178.​Lamprecht R, Dracheva S, Assoun S, LeDoux JE (2009) Fear conditioning induces distinct patterns of gene expression in lateral amygdala. Genes Brain Behav 8:735-743. PMC3625942

 

179.​Delgado MR, Jou RL, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA (2009) Avoiding negative outcomes: tracking the mechanisms of avoidance learning in humans during fear conditioning. Front Behav Neurosci 3:33. PMC2762377

 

180.​Johnson LR, LeDoux JE, Doyere V (2009) Hebbian reverberations in emotional memory micro circuits. Front Behav Neurosci 3:198-205. PMC2751649

 

181.​Farb CR, Chang W, LeDoux JE (2010) Ultrastructural characterization of noradrenergic axons and Beta-adrenergic receptors in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. Front Behav Neurosci 4:162. PMC2967335

 

182.​Bush DE, Caparosa EM, Gekker A, LeDoux J (2010) Beta-adrenergic receptors in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala contribute to the acquisition but not the consolidation of auditory fear conditioning. Front Behav Neurosci 4:154. PMC2998038

 

183.​Schiller D, Monfils MH, Raio CM, Johnson DC, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA (2010) Preventing the return of fear in humans using reconsolidation update mechanisms. Nature 463:49-53. PMC3640262

 

184.​Lazaro-Munoz G, LeDoux JE, Cain CK (2010) Sidman Instrumental Avoidance Initially Depends on Lateral and Basal Amygdala and Is Constrained by Central Amygdala-Mediated Pavlovian Processes. Biol Psychiatry. 67: 1120-1127.PMC3085029

 

185.​Sigurdsson T, Cain CK, Doyere V, LeDoux JE (2010) Asymmetries in long-term and short-term plasticity at thalamic and cortical inputs to the amygdala in vivo. Eur J Neurosci 31:250-262. PMC3592337

 

186.​Debiec J, Diaz-Mataix L, Bush DE, Doyere V, LeDoux JE (2010) The amygdala encodes specific sensory features of an aversive reinforcer. Nature Neurosci. 10: 414-416. PMC2860669

 

187.​Choi JS, Cain CK, LeDoux JE (2010) The role of amygdala nuclei in the expression of auditory signaled two-way active avoidance in rats. Learn Mem 17:139-147. PMC2832923

 

188.​Ostroff, LE, Cain CK, Bedont, J, Monfils, MH, and LeDoux, JE (2010) Fear and safety learning differentially affect synapse size and dendritic translation in the lateral amygdala.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.  U.S.A.  107: 9418-9423. PMC2889073

 

189.​Johansen JP, Hamanaka, H, Monfils, M, Behina, R, Deisseroth K, Blair, HT, LeDoux, JE (2010) Optical activation of lateral amygdala pyramidal cells instructs associative fear learning.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.  U.S.A.  107: 12962-12967.PMC2906568

 

190.​Cunha C, Monfils MH, LeDoux JE (2010) GABA(c) Receptors in the Lateral Amygdala: A Possible Novel Target for the Treatment of Fear and Anxiety Disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 4: 6-10. PMC2841484

 

191.​Nedelescu H, Kelso CM, Lazaro-Munoz G, Purpura M, Cain CK, LeDoux JE, Aoki C (2010) Endogenous GluR1-containing AMPA receptors translocate to asymmetric synapses in the lateral amygdala during the early phase of fear memory formation: an electron microscopic immunocytochemical study. J Comp Neurol 518:4723-4739. PMC3613289

 

192.​Lazzaro SC, Hou M, Cunha C, LeDoux JE, Cain CK (2010) Antagonism of lateral amygdala alpha1-adrenergic receptors facilitates fear conditioning and long-term potentiation. Learn Mem 17:489-493. PMC2948893

 

193.​Johansen JP, Tarpley JW, LeDoux JE, Blair HT (2010) Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in the amygdala and periaqueductal gray. Nat Neurosci 13:979-986. PMC2910797

 

194.​Debiec J, Bush DE, LeDoux JE (2011) Noradrenergic enhancement of reconsolidation in the amygdala impairs extinction of conditioned fear in rats--a possible mechanism for the persistence of traumatic memories in PTSD. Depress Anxiety 28:186-193. PMC3590026

 

195.​Hoeffer CA, Cowansage KK, Arnold EC, Banko JL, Moerke NJ, Rodriguez R, Schmidt EK, Klosi E, Chorev M, Lloyd RE, Pierre P, Wagner G, LeDoux JE, Klann E (2011) Inhibition of the interactions between eukaryotic initiation factors 4E and 4Gimpairs long-term associative memory consolidation but not reconsolidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:3383-3388. PMC3044415

 

196.​Johnson LR, Hou M, Prager EM, LeDoux JE (2011) Regulation of the Fear Network by Mediators of Stress: Norepinephrine Alters the Balance between Cortical and Subcortical Afferent Excitation of the Lateral Amygdala. Front Behav Neurosci 5:23. PMC3102213

 

197.​Tuescher O, Protopopescu X, Pan H, Cloitre M, Butler T, Goldstein M, Root JC, Engelien A, Furman D, Silverman M, Yang Y, Gorman J, LeDoux J, Silbersweig D, Stern E (2011) Differential activity of subgenual cingulate and brainstem in panic disorder and PTSD. J Anxiety Disord 25:251-257. PMC4096628

 

198.​Diaz-Mataix L, Debiec J, LeDoux JE, Doyere V (2011) Sensory-specific associations stored in the lateral amygdala allow for selective alteration of fear memories. J Neurosci 31:9538-9543. PMC3175641

 

199​Johansen JP, Cain CK, Ostroff LE, LeDoux JE (2011) Molecular mechanisms of fear learning and memory. Cell 147:509-524. PMC3215943

 

200.​Ostroff LE, Cain CK, Jindal N, Dar N, LeDoux JE (2012) Stability of presynaptic vesicle pools and changes in synapse morphology in the amygdala following fear learning in adult rats. J Comp Neurol 520:295-314. PMC3590817

 

201.​Erlich JC, Bush DE, LeDoux JE (2012) The role of the lateral amygdala in the retrieval and maintenance of fear-memories formed by repeated probabilistic reinforcement. Front Behav Neurosci 6:16. PMC3322351

 

202.​LeDoux J (2012) Rethinking the emotional brain. Neuron 73:653-676.

 

203.​Isogawa K, Bush DE, LeDoux JE (2013) Contrasting Effects of Pretraining, Posttraining, and Pretesting Infusions of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor into the Lateral Amygdala: Attenuation of Fear Memory Formation but Facilitation of its Expression. Biol Psychiatry 73:353-9. PMC3593274

 

204.​Burghardt NS, Sigurdsson T, Gorman JM, McEwen BS, LeDoux JE (2013) Chronic Antidepressant Treatment Impairs the Acquisition of Fear Extinction. Biol Psychiatry 73:1078-86. PMC3610782

 

205.​Moscarello JM, LeDoux JE (2013) Active avoidance learning requires prefrontal suppression of amygdala-mediated defensive reactions. J Neurosci 33:3815-3823.PMC3607300

 

206.​Diaz-Mataix L, Ruiz Martinez RC, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE, Doyere V (2013) Detection of a temporal error triggers reconsolidation of amygdala-dependent memories. Curr Biol 23:467-472. PMC3606686

 

207.​Martinez RC, Gupta N, Lazaro-Munoz G, Sears RM, Kim S, Moscarello JM, LeDoux JE, Cain CK (2013) Active vs. reactive threat responding is associated with differential c-Fos expression in specific regions of amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Learn Mem 20:446-452. PMC3718200

 

208.​Galatzer-Levy IR, Bonanno GA, Bush DE, LeDoux JE (2013) Heterogeneity in threat extinction learning: substantive and methodological considerations for identifying individual difference in response to stress. Front Behav Neurosci 7:55.PMC3665921

 

209.​Cowansage KK, Bush DE, Josselyn SA, Klann E, LeDoux JE (2013) Basal variability in CREB phosphorylation predicts trait-like differences in amygdala-dependent memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:16645-16650. PMC3799321

 

210.​Campese V, McCue M, Lazaro-Munoz G, LeDoux JE, Cain CK (2013) Development of an aversive Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer task in rat. Front Behav Neurosci 7:176. PMC3840425

 

211.​Sears RM, Fink AE, Wigestrand MB, Farb CR, de Lecea L, LeDoux JE (2013) Orexin/hypocretin system modulates amygdala-dependent threat learning through the locus coeruleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:20260-20265. PMC3864341

 

212.​Schiller D, Kanen JW, LeDoux JE, Monfils MH, Phelps EA (2013) Extinction during reconsolidation of threat memory diminishes prefrontal cortex involvement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:20040-20045. PMC3864277

 

213.​Debiec J, Diaz-Mataix L, Bush DE, Doyere V, LeDoux JE (2013) The selectivity of aversive memory reconsolidation and extinction processes depends on the initial encoding of the Pavlovian association. Learn Mem 20:695-699. PMC3834621

 

214.​Ostroff LE, Manzur MK, Cain CK, LeDoux JE (2014) Synapses lacking astrocyte appear in the amygdala during consolidation of Pavlovian threat conditioning. J Comp Neurol 522:2152-2163. PMC3997591

 

215.​Apergis-Schoute AM, Schiller D, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA (2014) Extinction resistant changes in the human auditory association cortex following threat learning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 113:109-114. PMC4053499

 

216​LeDoux JE (2014) Coming to terms with fear. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:2871-2878. PMC3939902

 

217.​Campese VD, Kim J, Lazaro-Munoz G, Pena L, LeDoux JE, Cain CK (2014) Lesions of lateral or central amygdala abolish aversive Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in rats. Front Behav Neurosci 8:161. PMC4019882

 218.​McCue MG, LeDoux JE, Cain CK (2014) Medial amygdala lesions selectively block aversive pavlovian-instrumental transfer in rats. Front Behav Neurosci 8:329. PMC4166994

 

219.​Galatzer-Levy IR, Moscarello J, Blessing EM, Klein J, Cain CK, LeDoux JE (2014) Heterogeneity in signaled active avoidance learning: substantive and methodological relevance of diversity in instrumental defensive responses to threat cues. Front Syst Neurosci 8:179. PMC4173321

 

220.​Johansen JP, Diaz-Mataix L, Hamanaka H, Ozawa T, Ycu E, Koivumaa J, Kumar A, Hou M, Deisseroth K, Boyden ES, LeDoux JE (2014) Hebbian and neuromodulatory mechanisms interact to trigger associative memory formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:E5584-5592. PMC4280619

 

221.​Dunsmoor JE, Campese VD, Ceceli AO, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA (2015) Novelty-facilitated extinction: providing a novel outcome in place of an expected threat diminishes recovery of defensive responses. Biol Psychiatry 78:203-209.

 

222.​Ramirez F, Moscarello JM, LeDoux JE, Sears RM (2015) Active avoidance requires a serial Basal amygdala to nucleus accumbens shell circuit. J Neurosci 35:3470-3477.

 

223.​Campese VD, Gonzaga R, Moscarello JM, LeDoux JE (2015) Modulation of instrumental responding by a conditioned threat stimulus requires lateral and central amygdala. Front Behav Neurosci 9:293.

 

224.​Weisholtz DS, Root JC, Butler T, Tuscher O, Epstein J, Pan H, Protopopescu X, Goldstein M, Isenberg N, Brendel G, LeDoux J, Silbersweig DA, Stern E (2015) Beyond the amygdala: Linguistic threat modulates peri-sylvian semantic access cortices. Brain Lang 151:12-22. PMC4743641.

 

225.​Kroes MC, Schiller D, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA (2016) Translational Approaches Targeting Reconsolidation. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 28:197-230.

 

226.​LeDoux JE, Pine DS (2016) Using Neuroscience to Help Understand Fear and Anxiety: A Two-System Framework. Am J Psychiatry 173:1083-1093.

 

227.​Madarasz TJ, Diaz-Mataix L, Akhand O, Ycu EA, LeDoux JE, Johansen JP (2016) Evaluation of ambiguous associations in the amygdala by learning the structure of the environment. Nat Neurosci 19:965-972.

 

228.​Schiff HC, Johansen JP, Hou M, Bush DE, Smith EK, Klein JE, LeDoux JE, Sears RM (2017) beta-Adrenergic Receptors Regulate the Acquisition and Consolidation Phases of Aversive Memory Formation Through Distinct, Temporally Regulated Signaling Pathways. Neuropsychopharmacology 42:895-903. PMC5312069.

 

229.​Wigestrand MB, Schiff HC, Fyhn M, LeDoux JE, Sears RM (2017) Primary auditory cortex regulates threat memory specificity. Learn Mem 24:55-58. PMC5159661.

 

230.​Dallerac G, Graupner M, Knippenberg J, Martinez RC, Tavares TF, Tallot L, El Massioui N, Verschueren A, Hohn S, Bertolus JB, Reyes A, LeDoux JE, Schafe GE, Diaz-Mataix L, Doyere V (2017) Updating temporal expectancy of an aversive event engages striatal plasticity under amygdala control. Nature communications 8:13920. PMC5227703.

 

231.​Ostroff LE, Botsford B, Gindina S, Cowansage KK, LeDoux JE, Klann E, Hoeffer C (2017) Accumulation of Polyribosomes in Dendritic Spine Heads, But Not Bases and Necks, during Memory Consolidation Depends on Cap-Dependent Translation Initiation. J Neurosci 37:1862-1872. PMC5320614.

 

232.​Tallot L, Diaz-Mataix L, Perry RE, Wood K, LeDoux JE, Mouly AM, Sullivan RM, Doyere V (2017) Updating of aversive memories after temporal error detection is differentially modulated by mTOR across development. Learn Mem 24:115-122. PMC5311387.

 

233.​Boeke EA, Moscarello JM, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA, Hartley CA (2017) Active Avoidance: Neural Mechanisms and Attenuation of Pavlovian Conditioned Responding. J Neurosci 37:4808-4818. PMC5426570.

 

234.​Diaz-Mataix L, Piper WT, Schiff HC, Roberts CH, Campese VD, Sears RM, LeDoux JE (2017) Characterization of the amplificatory effect of norepinephrine in the acquisition of Pavlovian threat associations. Learn Mem 24:432-439. PMC5580522.

 

235.​LeDoux JE (2017) Semantics, Surplus Meaning, and the Science of Fear. Trends Cogn Sci.

 

236.​LeDoux JE, Brown R (2017) A higher-order theory of emotional consciousness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E2016-E2025.

 

237.​Campese VD, Kim IT, Rojas G, LeDoux JE (2017) Pavlovian Extinction and Recovery Effects in Aversive Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer. Front Behav Neurosci 11:179. PMC5622165.

 

238.​Campese VD, Soroeta JM, Vazey EM, Aston-Jones G, LeDoux JE, Sears RM (2017) Noradrenergic Regulation of Central Amygdala in Aversive Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer. eNeuro 4. PMC5654237.

 

239.​Fink AE, LeDoux JE (2018) beta-Adrenergic enhancement of neuronal excitability in the lateral amygdala is developmentally gated. J Neurophysiol 119:1658-1664. PMC6008094.

 

240.​Krypotos AM, Moscarello JM, Sears RM, LeDoux JE, Galatzer-Levy I (2018) A principled method to identify individual differences and behavioral shifts in signaled active avoidance. Learn Mem 25:564-568. PMC6191017.

 

241.​Schiller D, Monfils MH, Raio CM, Johnson DC, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA (2018) Addendum: Preventing the return of fear in humans using reconsolidation update mechanisms. Nature 562:E21.

 

242.​Huynh TN, Santini E, Mojica E, Fink AE, Hall BS, Fetcho RN, Grosenick L, Deisseroth K, LeDoux JE, Liston C, Klann E (2018) Activation of a novel p70 S6 kinase 1-dependent intracellular cascade in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala is required for the acquisition of extinction memory. Mol Psychiatry 23:1394-1401. PMC5668214.

 

243.​LeDoux J, Daw ND (2018) Surviving threats: neural circuit and computational implications of a new taxonomy of defensive behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci 19:269-282.

 

244.​Junod A, Opendak M, LeDoux JE, Sullivan RM (2019) Development of Threat Expression Following Infant Maltreatment: Infant and Adult Enhancement but Adolescent Attenuation. Front Behav Neurosci 13:130. PMC6603125.

 

245.​Campese VD, Kim IT, Hou M, Gupta S, Draus C, Kurpas B, Burke K, LeDoux JE (2019) Chemogenetic Inhibition Reveals That Processing Relative But Not Absolute Threat Requires Basal Amygdala. J Neurosci 39:8510-8516. PMC6807280.

 

246.​Ostroff LE, Santini E, Sears R, Deane Z, Kanadia RN, LeDoux JE, Lhakhang T, Tsirigos A, Heguy A, Klann E (2019) Axon TRAP reveals learning-associated alterations in cortical axonal mRNAs in the lateral amgydala. Elife 8. PMC6924958.

 

247.​Gu Y, Piper WT, Branigan LA, Vazey EM, Aston-Jones G, Lin L, LeDoux JE, Sears RM (2020) A brainstem-central amygdala circuit underlies defensive responses to learned threats. Mol Psychiatry 25:640-654. PMC7042728.

 

248.​Shrestha P, Ayata P, Herrero-Vidal P, Longo F, Gastone A, LeDoux JE, Heintz N, Klann E (2020) Cell-type-specific drug-inducible protein synthesis inhibition demonstrates that memory consolidation requires rapid neuronal translation. Nat Neurosci 23:281-292. PMC7147976.

 

249.​LeDoux JE, Michel M, Lau H (2020) A little history goes a long way toward understanding why we study consciousness the way we do today. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117:6976-6984. PMC7132279.

 

250.​Campese VD, Kim IT, Kurpas B, Branigan L, Draus C, LeDoux JE (2020) Motivational factors underlying aversive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer. Learn Mem 27:477-482. PMC7571266.

 

250.​Awasthi S, Pan H, LeDoux JE, Cloitre M, Altemus M, McEwen B, Silbersweig D, Stern E (2020) The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and functionally linked neurocircuitry modulate emotion processing and HPA axis dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder. Neuroimage Clin 28:102442.

 

251.​Dukes D, Abrams K, Adolphs R, Ahmed ME, Beatty A, Berridge KC, Broomhall S, Brosch T, Campos JJ, Clay Z, Clement F, Cunningham WA, Damasio A, Damasio H, D'Arms J, Davidson JW, de Gelder B, Deonna J, de Sousa R, Ekman P, Ellsworth PC, Fehr E, Fischer A, Foolen A, Frevert U, Grandjean D, Gratch J, Greenberg L, Greenspan P, Gross JJ, Halperin E, Kappas A, Keltner D, Knutson B, Konstan D, Kret ME, LeDoux JE, Lerner JS, Levenson RW, Loewenstein G, Manstead ASR, Maroney TA, Moors A, Niedenthal P, Parkinson B, Pavlidis I, Pelachaud C, Pollak SD, Pourtois G, Roettger-Roessler B, Russell JA, Sauter D, Scarantino A, Scherer KR, Stearns P, Stets JE, Tappolet C, Teroni F, Tsai J, Turner J, Reekum CV, Vuilleumier P, Wharton T, Sander D (2021) The rise of affectivism. Nat Hum Behav 5:816-820. PMC8319089.

 

252.​Weisholtz D, Silbersweig D, Pan H, Cloitre M, LeDoux J, Stern E (2021) Correlation Between Rostral Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex Activation by Trauma-Related Words and Subsequent Response to CBT for PTSD. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 33:116-123. PMC8772163.

 

253.​Haaker J, Diaz-Mataix L, Guillazo-Blanch G, Stark SA, Kern L, LeDoux JE, Olsson A (2021) Observation of others' threat reactions recovers memories previously shaped by firsthand experiences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 118. PMC8325359.

 

254.​Campese VD, Brannigan LA, LeDoux JE (2021) Conditional Control of Instrumental Avoidance by Context Following Extinction. Front Behav Neurosci 15:730113. PMC8505733.

 

255.​Wen Z, Raio CM, Pace-Schott EF, Lazar SW, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA, Milad MR (2022) Temporally and anatomically specific contributions of the human amygdala to threat and safety learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 119:e2204066119.PMC9245701 10.1073/pnas.2204066119

 

256.​Oyarzun JP, Kuntz TM, Stussi Y, Karaman OT, Vranos S, Callaghan BL, Huttenhower C, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA (2022) Human threat learning is associated with gut microbiota composition. PNAS Nexus 1:pgac271. PMC9802442.10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac271

 

257.​Triana-Del Rio R, Ranade S, Guardado J, LeDoux J, Klann E, Shrestha P (2022) The modulation of emotional and social behaviors by oxytocin signaling in limbic network. Front Mol Neurosci 15:1002846. PMC9714608.10.3389/fnmol.2022.1002846

 

258.​LeDoux JE (2022) As soon as there was life, there was danger: the deep history of survival behaviours and the shallower history of consciousness. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 377:20210292. PMC8710881.

 

259.​Taschereau-Dumouchel V, Michel M, Lau H, Hofmann SG, LeDoux JE (2022) Putting the "mental" back in "mental disorders": a perspective from research on fear and anxiety. Mol Psychiatry 27:1322-1330. PMC9095479 10.1038/s41380-021-01395-5

 

260.​Lau H, Michel M, LeDoux JE, Fleming SM (2022) The mnemonic basis of subjective experience. Nature Reviews Psychology 1:479-488. 10.1038/s44159-022-00068-6

 

261.​Cushing CA, Dawes AJ, Hofmann SG, Lau H, LeDoux JE, Taschereau-Dumouchel V (2023) A generative adversarial model of intrusive imagery in the human brain. PNAS Nexus 2:pgac265. PMC9887942. 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac265

 

262.​Rust NC, LeDoux JE (2023) The tricky business of defining brain functions. Trends Neurosci 46:3-4. 10.1016/j.tins.2022.10.011

 

263.​Boender AJ, Boon M, Albers HE, Eck SR, Fricker BA, Kelly AM, LeDoux JE, Motta SC, Shrestha P, Taylor JH, Trainor BC, Triana-Del Rio R, Young LJ (2023) An AAV-CRISPR/Cas9 strategy for gene editing across divergent rodent species: Targeting neural oxytocin receptors as a proof of concept. Sci Adv 9:eadf4950. PMC10413677. 10.1126/sciadv.adf4950

Other Publications (not peer reviewed)

 

1.​LeDoux JE (1978) The Neurology of Emotion. In: Biosocial Aspects of Development (Angeli F, ed). Milano: Casa Editrice.

 

2.​LeDoux JE (1979) Parietooccipital symptomology: the splitbrain perspective. In: Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology: Neuropsychology (Gazzaniga MS, ed). New York: Plenum Press.

 

3.​LeDoux JE, Wilson DH, Gazzaniga MS (1979) Beyond commissurotomy: clues to some mechanisms of consciousness. In: Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology: Neuropsychology (Gazzaniga MS, ed). New York: Plenum Press.

 

4.​LeDoux JE (1981) Neuroevolutionary mechanisms of language. Proceedings of First International Congress of Neuropsychology, The Neurological Institute of Colombia, Bogota.

 

5.​LeDoux JE, Gazzaniga MS (1981) The brain and the splitbrain: a duel with duality as a model of mind.  Behav. Brain Sci. 4:109110.

 

6.​LeDoux JE (1984) Cerebral asymmetry and the integrated function of the brain. In: Functions of the Right Hemisphere (Young A, ed), pp 203216. London: Academic.

 

7.​LeDoux JE (1984) Cognitive Evolution: Clues from Brain Asymmetry. In: The Right Hemisphere (Ardilla A, Ostrovsky F, eds). New York: Gordon and Breach.

 

8.​LeDoux JE (1984) Cognition and Emotion: Processing Functions and Brain Systems. In: Handbook of Cognitive Neuroscience (Gazzaniga MS, ed). New York: Plenum Press.

 

9.​LeDoux JE (1985) Brain, mind, language. In: Brain and Mind (Oakley D, ed). London: Metheun.

 

10.​LeDoux JE (1986) Neurobiology of Emotion. In: Mind and Brain: Dialogues in Cognitive Neuroscience (LeDoux JE, Hirst W, eds). New York: Cambridge University Press.

 

11.​LeDoux JE (1986) Sensory Systems and Emotion: A Model of Affective Processing. Integrative Psychiatry, 4, 237238.

 

12.​Reis DJ, LeDoux JE (1987) Some central neural mechanisms governing resting and behaviorally coupled control of blood pressure. Circulation 76 (suppl. 1), 1219.

 

13.​LeDoux JE (1987) Emotion. In: Handbook of Physiology: Nervous System V, Higher Function, Plum, F. (volume editor), Mountcastle, V.B. (series editor), Washington, D.C.: American Physiological Society, pp. 419459.

 

14.​LeDoux JE (1989) Mechanisms of Emotional Plasticity. In: Neural Control of Bodily Function: New Frontiers in Stress Research (Weiner H, ed).

 

15.​LeDoux JE (1989) Cognitive-emotional interactions in the brain. Cognition and Emotion 3:267-289.

 

16.​LeDoux JE (1990) Fear Pathways in the Brain: Implications for Theories of the Emotional Brain. In Fear and Defense (Brain P, Parmigiani S, Maindardi D, Blanchard RJ, eds). London: Gordon and Breach.

 

17.​LeDoux JE (1990) Information flow from sensation to emotion: Plasticity in the neural computation of stimulus value. In: Learning and Computational Neuroscience (Gabriel M, Moore J, eds), pp 3-51. Bradford Books (MIT Press).

 

18.​LeDoux JE (1991) Emotion and the limbic system concept. Concepts Neurosci2:169-199.

 

19.​LeDoux JE (1991) Emotion and the brain. J. NIH Res. 3:49-51.

 

20.​LeDoux JE (1992) Emotional short-circuits in the brain. In: Neuroscience Year: Supplement 2 to the Encyclopedia of Neuroscience (Smith B, Adelman G, eds), pp 61-62. Birkhauser, Boston.

 

21.​LeDoux JE (1992) Emotion and the amygdala. In: The Amygdala (Aggleton J, ed), pp 339-351. New York: Academic Press.

 

22.​LeDoux JE (1992) Brain mechanisms of emotion and emotional learning. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2:191-197.

 

23.​LeDoux JE (1992) Emotion as memory: Anatomical systems underlying indelible neural traces. In Handbook of Memory and Emotion (Christianson SA, ed), pp 269-288. Erlbaum.

 

24.​LeDoux JE (1992) Neural Substrates of Emotional memory. In: Encyclopedia of Learning and Memory (Squire LR, ed), pp 483-486. New York: Macmillan.

 

25.​LeDoux JE (1992) Systems and synapses of emotional memory. In: Memory: Organization and Locus of Change (Squire LR, Lynch G, Weinberger NM, McGaugh JL, eds). Oxford, New York.

 

26.​LeDoux JE (1992) Brain systems and emotional memory. In: International Review on Studies of Emotion (Strongman K, ed), pp 23-29. John Wiley.

 

27.​LeDoux JE (1992) Emotional networks in the brain. In: Handbook of Emotions (Lewis M, Haviland J, eds), pp. 109-118. New York: Guilford.

 

28.​LeDoux JE (1992) Emotional Memories in the Brain. In: Neuropsychology of Memory, 2nd Edition (Squire L, Butters N, eds). New York: Guilford Press.

 

29.​LeDoux JE (1993) Emotional memory: in search of systems and synapses. Brain Mechanisms 1990: Papers in Memory of Robert Thompson. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, New York. 702:149-157.

 

30.​LeDoux JE (1993) Emotional memory systems in the brain. Behavioral Brain Research 58:69-79.

 

31.​LeDoux JE (1994) Cognitive-emotional interactions in the brain; Emotion-specific physiological activity: Don't forget about CNS physiology; The degree of emotional control depends on the kind of neural System Involved; Memory vs. emotional memory in the brain; Emotional experience is an output of not a cause of emotion processing. In: The Nature of Emotion: Fundamental Questions (Ekman P, Davidson RJ, eds). New York: Oxford University Press.

 

32.​LeDoux JE (1994) In Search of an Emotional System in the Brain: Leaping from Fear to Emotion and Consciousness. In: The Cognitive Neurosciences (Gazzaniga MS, ed). Cambridge: MIT Press.

 

33.​LeDoux JE (1994) The amygdala: contributions to fear and stress. Seminars in Neuroscience 6:231-237.

 

34.​LeDoux JE (1994) Emotion, Memory, and the Brain. Sci Am 270:50-7.

 

35.​LeDoux JE (1995) Emotion: clues from the brain. Ann Review of Psychol 46:209-235.

 

36.​LeDoux JE, Fellous JM (1995) Emotion and Computational Neuroscience. In: Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks (Arbib M, ed). Cambridge: MIT Press.

 

37.​LeDoux JE (1995) Setting “Stress” into Motion: Brain Mechanisms of Stimulus Evaluation. In: Neurobiological and Clinical Consequences of Stress: From Normal Adaptation to PTSD (Friedman M, Charney DS, Deutch AY, eds), pp 125-134. New York: Raven Press.

 

38.​LeDoux JE (1996) Emotional networks and motor control: A fearful view. In G. Holstege, R. Bandler, and C. Saper (eds) Progress in Brain Research (The Emotional Motor System). 107:437-436.

 

39.​LaBar K, LeDoux JE (1996) Emotion and the Brain: An overview. In: Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychology (Feinberg T, Farah M, eds). New York: Academic.

 

40.​LaBar K, LeDoux JE (1996) Brain Mechanisms of Emotion and Emotional Learning. In: Frontiers in Biology. Brain of Homo Sapiens (Bizzi E, Calissano P, Voltero V, eds).

 

41.​LeDoux JE (1996) Emotional circuits in the brain. In: Encyclopedia of Neuroscience (Adelman G, Smith B, eds). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

 

42.​Quirk G, Armony JL, Repa JC, Li X-F, LeDoux JE (1996) Emotional Memory: A search for sites of plasticity. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology 61:247-257.

 

43.​LeDoux JE (1996) The Emotional Brain: Clues from Fear Conditioning. In: Perception, Memory and Emotion: Frontiers in Neuroscience, pp 513-524. Elsevier Science.

 

44.​Armony JL, Servan-Schreiber D, Cohen JD, LeDoux JE (1997) Computational modeling of emotion: Explorations through the anatomy and physiology of fear conditioning. Trends Cogn Sci 1:28-34.

 

45.​Pitkanen A, Savander V, LeDoux JE (1997) Organization of intra-amygdaloid circuitries in the rat: an emerging framework for understanding functions of the amygdala. Trends Neurosci 20:517-523.

 

46.​Armony JL, LeDoux JE (1997) How the brain processes emotional information. In Psychobiology of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 821:259-270.

 

47.​LeDoux JE, Muller J (1997) Emotional memory and psychopathology. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 352:1719-26.

 

48.​LeDoux JE (1997) Emotion, Memory, and Pain. Pain Forum 6:36-7.

 

49.​Fanselow MS, LeDoux JE (1999) Why we think plasticity underlying Pavlovian fear conditioning occurs in the basolateral amygdala. Neuron 23:229-232.

 

50.​LeDoux JE (1999) Emotional circuits in the brain. Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. 2nd ed. Elsevier. 644-646.

 

51.​LeDoux JE (1999) Can neurobiology tell us anything about human feelings? In Foundations of Hedonic Psychology: Scientific Perspectives on Enjoyment and Suffering. (Kahneman D, Diener E, Schwarz N, eds). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

 

52.​LeDoux JE (1999) Cognition and Emotion: Listen to the Brain. In: Emotion and Cognitive Neuroscience (Lane R, ed). New York: Oxford University Press.

 

53.​LeDoux JE (1999) Fear and the Brain: Where have we been and where are we going? Biological Psychiatry 44:1229-1238.

 

54.​Armony JL, LeDoux JE (1999) How danger is encoded: Towards a systems, cellular, and computational understanding of cognitive-emotional interactions in fear circuits. In: The Cognitive Neurosciences (Gazzaniga MS, ed). Cambridge: MIT Press.

 

55.​LeDoux JE, Rogan M (1999) Emotion and the Animal Brain. In: The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (Wilson RA, Keil FC, eds), pp 269-271. Cambridge: MIT Press.

 

56.​LeDoux JE (1999) Psychoanalytic Theory: Clues from the Brain. Neuro-Psychoanalysis. Conn., International Universities Press, 1(1):44-49.

 

57.​Nader K, LeDoux JE (1999) The Neural Circuits that Underlie Fear. In: Extreme Fear, Shyness, and Social Phobia (Schmidt LA, Schulkin J, eds). New York: Oxford University Press.

 

58.​LeDoux JE (2000) Emotion circuits in the brain. Annu Rev Neurosci. 23, 155-184.

 

59.​Phelps EA, LeDoux JE (2000) Emotional Networks in the Brain. In: Handbook of Emotions, 2nd Edition (Lewis M, Haviland-Jones JM, eds). New York: Guilford Press.

 

60.​LeDoux J (2000) Cognitive-Emotional Interactions: Listen to the Brain. In: Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotion (Lane R, Nadel L, eds), pp 129-155. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

 

61.​Nader K, LeDoux JE (2000) How the brain learns about danger. In: Brain Perception Memory (Bolhuis JJ, ed), pp 253-266. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

 

62.​Sparks PD, LeDoux JE (2000) The Septal Complex as Seen Through the Context of Fear. In: The Behavioral Neuroscience of the Septal Region (Numan R, ed), pp 234-269. New York: Springer-Verlag.

 

63.​Yaniv D, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE, Richter-Levin G (2000) Perihinal cortex and thalamic stimulation induces LTP in different areas of the amygdala. Annals of the N.Y. Acad. Sciences 911:474-6.

 

64.​Schafe GE, Nader K, Blair HT, LeDoux JE (2001) Memory consolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning: a cellular and molecular perspective. Trends Neurosci 24:540-6.

 

65.​​Blair HT, Schafe GE, Bauer EP, Rodrigues SM, LeDoux JE (2001) Synaptic plasticity in the lateral amygdala: a cellular hypothesis of fear conditioning. Learn Mem 8:229-42.

 

66.​LeDoux JE, Gorman JM (2001) A call to action: Overcoming anxiety through active coping. Am J Psychiatry 158: 1953-1955.

 

67.​LaBar K, LeDoux JE (2001) Coping with Danger: The neural basis of defensive behaviors and fearful feelings. In: Handbook of Physiology. Section 7: the Endocrine System. Vol. 6: Coping with Environment: Neural and Endocrine Mechanisms (McEwen BS, eds), pp 139-154. New York: Oxford University Press.

 

68.​Rogan MT, Weisskopf MG, Huang Y-Y, Kandel ER, LeDoux JE (2001) Long-Term Potentiation in the Amygdala: Implications for Memory. In: Neuronal Mechanisms of Memory Formation (Hölscher C, ed), pp 58-76. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

 

69.​​LeDoux JE (2001) The neuroscience of fear. In: Emotions, Qualia, and Consciousness (Kaszniak A, ed). Singapore: World Scientific.

 

70.​Medina JF, Repa JC, Mauk MD, LeDoux JE (2002) Parallels between cerebellum- and amygdala-dependent conditioning. Nat Rev Neurosci 3: 122-131.

 

71.​LeDoux JE (2002) The Self and the Brain. Prospect 77:50-53.

 

72.​LeDoux JE (2002) Emotion, Memory, and the Brain. Sci Am 12:62-71.

 

73.​​LeDoux JE (2002) Mind, Brain and Self. In: The next fifty years: science in the first half of the twenty-first century (Brockman J, ed), pp 243-254. New York: Vintage Books.

 

74.​​LaBar KS, LeDoux JE (2002) Emotional learning circuits in animals and humans. In: Handbook of Affective Sciences (Davidson RJ, Scherer K, Goldsmith HH, eds), pp 52-65. New York: Oxford University Press.

 

75.​​Brown TH, Byrne JH, LaBar KS, LeDoux JE, Lindquist DH, Thompson RF, Tyler T (2003) Learning and Memory: Basic Mechanisms. In: From Molecules to Networks (Byrne JH, Roberts JL, eds), pp 499-574. New York: Elsevier Science (USA).

 

76.​​Debiec J, LeDoux JE (2003) Conclusions From Self-Knowledge to Science of the Self. In: The Self: From Soul to Brain (LeDoux JE, Debiec J, Moss H, eds). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1001, September 2003.

 

77.​​LeDoux JE (2003) The Self: Clues from the brain. In: The Self: From Soul to Brain (LeDoux JE, Debiec J, Moss H, eds). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1001, September 2003.

 

78.​​LaBar KS, LeDoux JE (2003) Emotion and the brain: An overview. In: Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychology, 2nd Edition (Feinberg TE, Farah MJ, eds). New York: Mc-Graw Hill.

 

79.​​LeDoux JE (2003) em, Fear, and the Amgydala. Cell Mol Neurobiol23:727-738.

 

80.​Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2003) Neural substrates of emotional memory. In: Learning & Memory, 2nd Edition (Byrne JH, ed), pp 466-469. Farmington Hills: MacMillan.

 

81.​Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2002) Emotional plasticity. In: Steven's Handbook of Experimental Psychology, 3rd Edition (Gallistel CR, ed), pp 535-561: Wiley.

 

82.​Pare D, Quirk GJ, LeDoux JE (2004) New vistas on amygdala networks in conditioned fear. J Neurophysiol 92:1-9.

 

83.​Rodrigues SM, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2004) Molecular mechanisms underlying emotional learning and memory in the lateral amygdala. Neuron 44:75-91.

 

84.​Sotres-Bayon F, Bush DE, LeDoux JE (2004) Emotional perseveration: an update on prefrontal-amygdala interactions in fear extinction. Learn Mem 11:525-535.

 

85.​​Sullivan GM, LeDoux JE (2004) Synaptic Self: Conditioned Fear, Developmental Adversity, and the Anxious Individual. In: Fear and Anxiety: The Benefits of Translational Research (Gorman JM, ed). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.

 

86.​​Johnson LR, LeDoux JE (2004) The Anatomy of Fear: Microcircuits of the Lateral Amygdala. In: Fear and Anxiety: The Benefits of Translational Research (Gorman JM, ed). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.

 

87.​Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2004) The neural basis of fear. In: The Cognitive Neurosciences, 3rd Edition (Gazzaniga MS, ed), pp 987-1003. Cambridge: MIT Press.

 

88.​LeDoux JE (2004) The Self:  Clues from the Brain.  In The Self: From Soul to Brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1001, September 2003.

 

89.​Phelps EA, LeDoux JE (2005) Contributions of the amygdala to emotion processing: from animal models to human behavior. Neuron 48:175-187.

 

90.​Fellous J-M, LeDoux JE (2005) Toward Basic Principles for Emotional Processing: What the fearful brain tells the robot. In: Who Needs Emotion? The brain meets the robot (Fellous J-M, Arbib MA, eds), pp 79-115. New York: Oxford.

 

91.​Sotres-Bayon F, Cain CK, LeDoux JE (2006) Brain Mechanisms of Fear Extinction: Historical Perspectives on the Contribution of Prefrontal Cortex. Biol Psychiatry 60:329-336.

 

92.​Sigurdsson T, Doyere V, Cain CK, LeDoux JE (2007) Long-term potentiation in the amygdala: A cellular mechanism of fear learning and memory. Neuropharmacology 52:215-227.

 

93.​LeDoux J (2007) The amygdala. Curr Biol 17:R868-874.

 

94.​Monfils MH, Cowansage KK, LeDoux JE (2007) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: linking fear learning to memory consolidation. Mol Pharmacol 72:235-237.

 

95.​Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2007) Neurochemistry/Neuropharmacology of fear & fear conditioning. In: Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology: Behavioral neurochemistry and neuroendocrinology, 3rd Edition (Blaustein JD, ed). New York: Springer Verlag.

 

96. ​LeDoux, JE (2007) Emotional Memory. In: Scholarpedia, http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Emotional_memory

 

97.​LeDoux, JE (2008) Amygdala. In: Scholarpedia, http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Amygdala

 

98.​Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2008) Neural and molecular mechanisms of fear memory. In: Learning & Memory: A comprehensive reference: Molecular mechanisms (Sweatt JD, ed): Academic Press.

 

99.​LeDoux JE, Phelps EA (2008) Emotional Networks in the Brain. In: Handbook of Emotions, 3rd Edition (Lewis M, Haviland-Jones JM, Barrett LF, eds), pp 159-179. New York: Guilford Press.

 

100.​Blair HT, Nader K, Schafe GE, Bauer EP, Rodrigues SM, LeDoux JE (2008) The role of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala in auditory fear conditioning. In: Topics in Integrative Neuroscience: From cells to cognition (Pomerantz JR, ed), pp 299-325. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

 

101.​Meaney MJ, LeDoux JE, Liebowitz ML (2008) Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders. In: Psychiatry, 3rd Edition (Tasman A, Kay J, Lieberman JA, First MB, Maj M, eds), pp 315-338. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

102.​Cain CK, LeDoux JE (2008) Brain mechanisms of Pavlovian and instrumental aversive conditioning. In: Handbook of Anxiety and Fear (Blanchard RJ, Blanchard DC, Griebel G, Nutt D, eds), pp 103-124. Jordan Hill: Academic Press.

 

103.​Byrne JH, LaBar KS, LeDoux JE, Schafe GE, Sweatt JD, Thompson RF (2009) Learning & Memory: Basic mechanisms. In: From Molecules to Networks: An introduction to cellular and molecular neuroscience, 2nd Edition (Byrne JH, Roberts JL, eds), pp 539-608. Burlington: Academic Press.

 

104.​LeDoux JE (2008) Emotional Colouration of Consciousness: How Feelings Come About. In: Frontiers of Consciousness (Weiskrantz LW, Davies M, eds), pp 69-130. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

 

105.​Cain C, Debiec J, LeDoux JE (2008) Consolidation and reconsolidation of Pavlovian fear-conditioning: roles for intracellular signaling and extracellular modulation in memory storage. In: Beyond the Synapse: Cell-Cell Signaling in Synaptic Plasticity (Fields RD, ed), 72-88. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

 

106.​Cain C, LeDoux JE (2008) Emotional Processing and Motivation: In Search of Brain Mechanisms. In: Handbook of Approach and Avoidance Motivation (Elliot AJ, ed), 17-34. New York: Psychology Press, Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

 

107.​Bush DEA, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2009) Neural basis of fear conditioning. In: Handbook of Neuroscience for the Behavioral Sciences (Berntson GG, Cacioppo JT, eds), pp 762-780. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

 

108.​LeDoux JE, Schiller D (2009) The Human Amygdala: Insights from Other Animals. In: The Human Amygdala (Whalen PJ, Phelps EA, eds), pp 43-60. New York: The Guilford Press.

 

109.​Debiec J, LeDoux JE (2009) The Amygdala and the Neural Pathways of Fear. In: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Basic science and clinical practice (Shiromani PJ, Keane TM, LeDoux JE, eds), pp 23-38. New York: Humana Press.

 

110.​LeDoux JE (2009) Neural architecture of emotion. In: The Oxford Companion to Emotion and the Affective Sciences (Sander D, Scherer KR, eds), pp 276-279. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

 

111.​LeDoux JE (2009) Emotion, scientific perspectives. In: The Oxford Companion to Consciousness (Bayne T, Cleeremans A, Wilken P, eds), pp 262-265. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

 

112.​LeDoux JE, Schiller D, Cain C (2009) Emotional Reaction and Action: From Threat Processing to Goal-Directed Behavior. In: The Cognitive Neurosciences, 4th Edition (Gazzaniga MS, ed), pp 905-924. Cambridge: MIT Press.

 

113.​LeDoux JE (2009) Emotion Systems and the Brain. In: Encyclopedia of Neuroscience (Squire LR, ed), pp 903-908. New York: Academic Press.

 

114.​Cowansage KK, LeDoux JE, Monfils MH (2010) Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Dynamic Gatekeeper of Neural Plasticity. Curr Mol Pharmacol. 3: 12-29.

 

115.​LeDoux JE, Doyere V (2010) Emotional memory processing: Synaptic connectivity. In: The Memory Process: Neuroscientific and Humanistic Perspectives (Nalbantian S, Matthews P, McClelland JL, eds), 153-172. Cambridge: MIT Press.

 

116.​Monfils MH, Bush DEA, LeDoux JE (2010) Neural Substrates of Conditioned Fear and Anxiety. In: Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience (Koob GF, Le Moal M, Thompson RF, eds), pp 362-368. Oxford: Academic Press.

 

117.​Johnson LR, LeDoux JE (2010) Microcircuits of the Amygdala. In: Handbook of Brain Microcircuits (Shepherd GM, Grillner S, eds), pp 137-147. New York: Oxford University Press.

 

118.​Cain CK, Choi JS, LeDoux JE (2010) Active Avoidance and Escape Learning. In: Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience (Koob G, Thompson R, Le Moal M, eds), New York: Elsevier.

 

119.​LeDoux J (2011) Music and the brain, literally. Front Hum Neurosci 5:49.

 

120.​LeDoux J (2011) The flip side: scientists who rock. Trends Cogn Sci 15:335-337.

 

121.​LeDoux JE (2012) Evolution of human emotion: A view through fear. Prog Brain Res 195:431-442.

 

122.​LeDoux JE (2012) A neuroscientist's perspective on debates about the nature of emotion. Emotion Review 4:375-379.

 

123.​Johansen JP, Wolff SB, Luthi A, LeDoux JE (2012) Controlling the elements: an optogenetic approach to understanding the neural circuits of fear. Biol Psychiatry 71:1053-1060.

 

124.​LeDoux J (2012) Afterword. The Psychoanalytic Review 99:595-606.

 

125.​LeDoux JE (2013) The slippery slope of fear. Trends Cogn Sci 17:155-156.

 

126.​Alberini CM, LeDoux JE (2013) Memory reconsolidation. Curr Biol 23:R746-750.

 

127.​Moscarello JM, LeDoux JE (2013) The contribution of the amygdala to aversive and appetitive Pavlovian processes. Emotion Review 5:248-253.

 

128.​Cain CK, Sullivan GM, LeDoux JE (2013) Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety: Contributions of Animal Models to Current Understanding. In: Neurobiology of Mental Illness (Charney, D. S. et al., eds), pp 549-566 Oxford: Oxford University Press.

 

129.​Sears RM, Schiff HC, LeDoux JE (2014) Molecular mechanisms of threat learning in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 122:263-304.

 

130.​LeDoux J (2014) Low roads and higher order thoughts in emotion. Cortex59:214-215.

 

131.​LeDoux J (2014) Emotion Appears To Be Generated in REM Sleep in the Absence of Sensory Input. How Does This Finding Fit with Your Stimulus-Response Model of Emotion? In: Dream Consciousness: Allan Hobson's New Approach to the Brain and Its Mind, vol. 3 (Tranquillo, N., ed), pp 157-158 Switzerland: Springer.

 

132.​Moscarello JM, LeDoux J (2014) Diverse Effects of Conditioned Threat Stimuli on Behavior. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 79:11-19.

 

133.​LeDoux JE (2015) Afterword: Emotional Construction in the Brain. In: The Psychological Construction of Emotion (Barrett, L. F. and Russell, J. A., eds), pp 459-463 New York: Guilford Press.

 

134.​LeDoux JE (2015) Feelings: What are they and how does the brain make them? Daedalus 144:96-111.

 

135.​Campese VD, Sears RM, Moscarello JM, Diaz-Mataix L, Cain CK, LeDoux JE (2016) The Neural Foundations of Reaction and Action in Aversive Motivation. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 27:171-195.

 

136.​LeDoux JE, Moscarello J, Sears R, Campese V (2017) The birth, death and resurrection of avoidance: a reconceptualization of a troubled paradigm. Mol Psychiatry 22:24-36. PMC5173426.

 

137.​LeDoux JE (2017) Introductory Essay: Consciousness in Light of the Non-conscious Brain. In: Before Consciousness: In search of the fundamentals of mind (Radman, Z., ed): Imprint Academic.

 

138.​Pine DS, LeDoux JE (2017) Elevating the Role of Subjective Experience in the Clinic: Response to Fanselow and Pennington. Am J Psychiatry 174:1121-1122.

 

139.​LeDoux J, Brown R, Pine DS, Hofmann SG (2018) Know Thyself: Well-Being and Subjective Experience. In: Cerebrum  New York: The Dana Foundation.

 

140.​LeDoux JE, Hofmann SG (2018) The subjective experience of emotion: a fearful view. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 19:67-72.

 

141.​Mobbs D, LeDoux JE (2018) Survival behaviors and circuits. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 24:168-171.

 

142.​Kim JJ, LeDoux JE (2019) Anthropomorphizing and Neurobiologizing a Potential Treatment for Fear-related Disorders in Humans. A Commentary on Baek et al (2019) Neural circuits underlying a psychotherapeutic regimen for fear disorders. Nature 566: 339-343.

 

143.​Brown R, Lau H, LeDoux JE (2019) Understanding the Higher-Order Approach to Consciousness. Trends Cogn Sci 23:754-768.

 

144.​Mobbs D, Adolphs R, Fanselow MS, Barrett LF, LeDoux JE, Ressler K, Tye KM (2019) Viewpoints: Approaches to defining and investigating fear. Nat Neurosci 22:1205-1216.

 

145.​Brown R, LeDoux J (2020) Higher-order memory schema and consciousness experience. Cogn Neuropsychol 37:213-215.

 

146.​LeDoux JE (2020) How does the non-conscious become conscious? Curr Biol 30:R196-R199.

 

147.​LeDoux JE (2020) Thoughtful feelings. Curr Biol 30:R619-R623.

 

148.​LeDoux JE, Lau H (2020) Seeing consciousness through the lens of memory. Curr Biol 30:R1018-R1022.

 

149.​LeDoux JE, Lau H (2020) A new vista in psychiatric treatment: Using individualized functional connectivity to track symptoms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117:4450-4452. PMC7060685.

 

150.​Brown R, LeDoux J, Rosenthal D (2021) The extra ingredient. Biology & Philosophy 36:16.

 

151.​LeDoux JE (2021) What emotions might be like in other animals. Current Biology 31:R824-R829.

 

152.​LeDoux JE (2022) The day I told Karim Nader, "Don't do the study". Brain Res Bull 189:1-3. 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.012

 

Electronic Publications

 

1.​LeDoux J (2007) The Brain Is Wider than the Sky, but It Can Feel the Music. HuffPost.

 

2.​LeDoux J (2007) Heavy Mental: The Message is in the Music. HuffPost.

 

3.​LeDoux J (2009) Guns, Germs, and Sequels. HuffPost.

 

4.​LeDoux J (2009) How does your brain work? HuffPost.

 

5.​LeDoux J (2009) Why the "Right Brain" Idea is Wrong-Headed. HuffPost.

 

6.​LeDoux J (2010) Can Memories Be Erased? HuffPost.

 

7.​LeDoux J (2010) Well Tuned Guitars and Highly Strung People. HuffPost.

 

8.​LeDoux J (2012) Hubris and the Tree of Life. HuffPost.

 

9.​LeDoux J (2012) Finding Clues in the Fearful Brain. In: New York Times - Opinionator. New York: New York Times Company.

 

10.​LeDoux J (2012) Searching the Brain for the Roots of Fear. In: New York Times - Opinionator. New York: New York Times Company.

 

11.​LeDoux J (2013) For the Anxious, Avoidance Can Have an Upside. In: New York Times - Opinionator. New York: New York Times Company.

 

12.​LeDoux JE (2015) Welcome to "I Got a Mind to Tell You": Unpacking the brain. Psychology Today.

 

13.​LeDoux J (2015) The Amygdala Is Not the Brain's Fear Center. HuffPost.

 

14.​LeDoux JE (2015) The Amygdala Is NOT the Brain's Fear Center: Separating findings from conclusions. Psychology Today.

 

15.​LeDoux JE (2015) What's Wrong with Antianxiety Drugs?: Psychology Today.

 

16.​LeDoux JE (2015) Psychotherapy as a Learning Experience: Suggestions from the neuroscience of learning and memory. Psychology Today.

 

17.​LeDoux JE (2019) How Deep Do We Go?: Behavior, mind, and the 4-billion-year history of life. Psychology Today.

 

18.​LeDoux JE (2019) "You're a Radical Behaviorist Disguised as a Neuroscientist": A misunderstand about me based on a misunderstanding about brain and behavior. Psychology Today.

 

19.​LeDoux JE (2019) Have We Misunderstood Our Emotions?: We should get it right. Our well-being is at stake. Psychology Today.

 

20.​LeDoux JE (2019) An Emotion Is...: Deconstructing how conscious emotions arise from non-conscious processes. Psychology Today.

 

21.​LeDoux JE (2019) Implications for Therapy of Six Simple Brain Principles: Thinking about symptoms as circuit functions might help design better treatments. Psychology Today.

 

22.​LeDoux JE (2019) Human Fear and Anxiety: What we can (and cannot) learn about human emotions from studies of animals. Psychology Today.

 

23.​LeDoux JE (2023) Heavy Mental: How neuroscience gave me a rock band, a documentary, and a play. Psychology Today.

 

24.​LeDoux JE (2023) Our Four Realms of Existence: Rethinking what and who we are. Psychology Today.

 

25.​LeDoux JE (2023) Our Four Realms of Existence: The Biological Realm. Psychology Today.

 

26.​LeDoux JE (2023) Understanding the Neurobiological Realm of Existence: Behind a fundamental requirement of consciousness. Psychology Today.

 

27.​LeDoux JE (2024) Rethinking Dual Process Models of Thought: Processes in the exisiting two systems need redistribution across three systems. Psychology Today.

 

 

Edited Special Issues

 

1.​LeDoux JE, Debiec J (2003) The Self: From Soul to Brain. New York Academy of Sciences. Volume 1001, Issue 1, pages vii-viii, 1-315.

 

1.​Mobbs D, LeDoux JE (eds.) (2018) Survival Circuits. Current Opinions in Behavioral Sciences. New York: Elsevier.

 

 

Books

1.​Gazzaniga MS, LeDoux JE (1978) The Integrated Mind. New York: Plenum Press.

 

2.​LeDoux JE, Hirst W (1986) Mind and Brain: Dialogues in Cognitive Neuroscience, New York: Cambridge University Press.

 

3.​LeDoux JE (1996) The Emotional Brain. New York: Simon and Schuster.

 

4.​LeDoux JE (2002) Synaptic Self. New York: Viking.

 

5. LeDoux JE, Debiec J, Moss H (eds) The Self: From Soul to Brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1001, September 2003.

 

6. Shiromani PJ, Keane TM, LeDoux JE, eds (2009) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Basic science and clinical practice. New York: Humana Press.

 

7. LeDoux JE (2015) Anxious: Using the brain to understand and treat fear and anxiety. New York: Viking.

 

8. LeDoux J (2019) The Deep History of Ourselves: The four-billion-year story of how we got conscious brains. New York: Viking.

 

9. ​LeDoux JE (2023)  The Four Realms of Existence: A New Theory of Being Human.

Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

 

10.​Flanagan O, LeDoux JE, Bingle B, Haybron DM, Mesquita B, Moody-Adam M, Ren S, Sun A, Wilson YY, Frey JA, Markus HR, Sachs JD, Tsai JL (2023) Against Happiness. New York: Columbia University Press.153.​LeDoux J (2023) Joseph LeDoux. Curr Biol 33:R48-R50. 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.010

 

154.​LeDoux J, Birch J, Andrews K, Clayton NS, Daw ND, Frith C, Lau H, Peters MAK, Schneider S, Seth A, Suddendorf T, Vandekerckhove MMP (2023) Consciousness beyond the human case. Curr Biol 33:R832-R840. 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.067